Codeine vs Dihydrocodeine vs Co‑codamol: Choosing the Right Analgesic

When it comes to managing moderate pain, many people in the UK turn to codeine, dihydrocodeine or co-codamol. While they may sound similar, these medications have distinct properties, uses and side effect profiles. Understanding the differences can help you make informed decisions about pain relief—whether you’re speaking to your GP, ordering a prescription, or considering treatment options from a trusted pharmacy like Apotheke Direkte.

Codeine: A widely used opioid for moderate pain

Codeine phosphate is a commonly prescribed opioid analgesic. It works by mimicking natural pain-relieving chemicals in the brain and spinal cord, essentially dulling the body’s perception of pain.

Typical dose:

15 mg to 60 mg every 4–6 hours, up to a maximum of 240 mg per day.

Common uses:

• Dental pain
• Headaches
• Muscular aches
• Post-operative recovery (when paracetamol or ibuprofen isn’t enough)

Side effects:

• Drowsiness
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Dizziness
• In some individuals, codeine is poorly metabolised, reducing its effectiveness.

Important note: Codeine is a prodrug, meaning it must be converted by the liver (via CYP2D6 enzymes) into morphine to become active. Around 5–10% of people in the UK have reduced ability to metabolise it effectively.

Dihydrocodeine: A stronger alternative

Dihydrocodeine is a semi-synthetic derivative of codeine and is generally considered slightly more potent. It binds to the same opioid receptors but is often preferred for more persistent or severe pain.

Typical dose:

30 mg every 4–6 hours. Slow-release versions are available, dosed every 12 hours.

Common uses:

• Chronic musculoskeletal pain
• Post-surgical pain
• Rib injuries
• Pain following orthopaedic trauma

Side effects:

• Similar to codeine: sedation, constipation, nausea
• Slightly higher risk of dependence when used long-term
• May cause flushing or a drop in blood pressure in some users

Dihydrocodeine doesn’t require the same liver conversion as codeine, making it more predictable in its effect across different individuals.

Co‑codamol: The combination option

Co-codamol combines codeine phosphate with paracetamol in a single tablet. This synergy means you can target pain through two different mechanisms:

• Paracetamol works centrally to reduce fever and relieve mild pain.
• Codeine adds a mild-to-moderate opioid effect.

Typical strengths (per tablet):

• 8/500: 8 mg codeine + 500 mg paracetamol (available over the counter)
• 15/500, 30/500: Prescription-only strengths

Common uses:

• Tension headaches
• Back pain
• Period pain
• Migraine relief when other meds don’t work

Side effects:

• Same as codeine (with added risk of liver damage if paracetamol is overused)
• Users must be careful not to take extra paracetamol alongside co-codamol

Caution: Paracetamol overdose can cause severe liver damage, so it’s important not to exceed the recommended daily dose of 4,000 mg of paracetamol (8 standard 500 mg tablets).

So, which should you choose?

Final thoughts

All three medications can be effective tools for pain management, but they’re not interchangeable. The best choice depends on your pain severity, medical history, and how your body responds to opioids.

Before starting any opioid-based treatment, consult a qualified healthcare provider. If you’re looking for discreet, fast delivery of prescription pain relief medications in the UK, Apotheke Direkte offers a safe and regulated online platform to access the treatment you need.

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